It is the most common neoplastic disease in women. According to the statistical data 1 in 9 women will develop cancer at some point in her life.
In Greece, 25% of neoplastic diseases in women is due to a breast disease.
The cause is multifactorial, as genetic, environmental, metabolic factors are implicated.
The most important risk factors are:
1.Age (80% of breast neoplasias occur in women over 50 years of age).
2. Existence of a family history (the increased incidence in a family may be due to common dietary habits or similar living conditions. In this particular case the contribution of a genetic consulting team is required).
3.Genetic mutations in genes that are inherited from parents to their children (5-8% of breast cancers are due to mutations of high penetrance genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN…)
4.Existence of previous diagnosis of invasive breast cancer or atypical hyperplasia.
5. Long-term intake of contraceptives and hormone replacement medication.
6. The beginning of menstruation at a very young age and menopause at a very old age.
7.High alcohol consumption and obesity. Women who have one of the important risk factors or a combination of factors are deemed as high-risk women for the occurrence of breast cancer.
Women that are classified in the group of high risk, should be informed and show increased awareness (learn the composition of their breasts and be able to check and identify suspicious changes that may possibly occur). To follow their regular control. To adapt their lifestyle, avoiding risk factors (e.g. obesity, consumption of alcohol).
PROGNOSIS The early diagnosis of a breast neoplasia at early stages has an excellent prognosis. The early diagnosis is our most important weapon today, and in order to achieve this goal the following are recommended:
1. A mammography-reference testing at the age of 35 years.
2. Self-examination once a month, after the seventh day of the menstrual cycle.
3. Mammography on a yearly basis after the age of 40 years.
4. Clinical examination by a specialist in the following cases: A painless mass that is present in the breast or the axilla region
Change in the shape or size of the breast Changes in the skin (creasing, redness) Changes in the nipple, unusual secretions or development of rash around the nipple
Ms. Mixaki Ioanna
Specialist Pathologist, specialized in Diabetes Mellitus,
Head of the Department of Pathology